When we talk about the Stone Age, we include entire South Asia, the region covering India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Nepal, and Bangladesh, as a whole. The period before the development of the script is called the pre-historic times.
Later Cholas and Pandyas Bahmani and Vijayanagar Kingdoms.Polity and Society in Post-Mauryan Period.Rise of Territorial Kingdoms and New Religious Sects.Early India: The Chalcolithic, Megalithic, Iron Age.Early India: From the Beginnings to the Indus Civilisation.
This means that coexistence of Neanderthals and anatomically modern hominids endured for a time span of some 10 kyr, since with the appearance of the Aurignacian we "rst encounter the cultural remains of Homo sapiens sapiens with fully developed artistic and symbolic representations, ornaments, and abundant organic tools, while the last Neanderthals appear to have lived some 30 kyr ago. Both radiocarbon and TL dates indicate that the Aurignacian was present in Central Europe, including Germany, as early as about 40 kyr ago. While organic artifacts, objects of personal ornamentation, and art objects are generally absent in these transitional assemblages, they become abundant in the Aurignacian, which represents the "rst fully evolved Upper Paleolithic technocomplex spread over larger parts of Europe. At present it is uncertain which hominids produced the transitional industries. Di!erent transitional industries in Central Europe, which show both Middle and Upper Paleolithic features, appear to root in the local Middle Paleolithic assemblages. The available data from Central Europe is consistent with the hypothesis that Homo sapiens sapiens evolved initially outside Europe and colonized the di!erent regions of the continent previously occupied by Neanderthals between roughly 50 and 30 kyr BP. Ultimately, this effort shows how foragers of the transitional interval in the Italian peninsula were active agents in shaping their evolutionary history, with consequences of some adaptive systems being felt only much later and directing the forces responsible for the ultimate disappearance of the Mousterian and Uluzzian technocomplexes in favor of the proto-Aurignacian industry, the exact nature of which clearly appears to vary on a regional level. Drawing on the realization that human niche construction can be documented in the pre-agricultural archaeological record, niche construction theory is used as a conceptual framework to tie together facets of the behavioral, biological, and ecological dimensions of the transition interval into formal models of their interaction over time and in diverse contexts. Abstract This paper presents an overview of the Middle–Upper Paleolithic transition in Italy in light of recent research on the Uluzzian technocomplex and on the paleoecological context of the transition.
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